Wednesday April 13, 2011 Luis Guillermo Hernandez Marisela terregal walk in where there is still cactus and alfalfa. Look to the rails of the Metro Line 12 men planted by the company ICA and, to this fear of who knows what the progress is going to run over, forever. "Well, what does you think, if we have the tracks almost buried in the very cornfield."
This happened in Pantitlán moored in the 80 to the growth of Nezahualcoyotl and Chimalhuacán. A Indios Verdes, with Texcoco Ecatepec ever crossed his path. At Cuatro Caminos that even loading the challenge of connecting the city of Mexico with the industrial municipalities of Naucalpan and Tlalnepantla, or the Rosary, with its millions of connecting passengers a year, the said land strip that out everything is Cuautitlan in Mexico. Why should it be different in the land of the ancient Nahuatl?
"Whenever built this infrastructure yields a feedback effect in the sense that the improved accessibility, obviously promotes urban development and housing in areas near or adjacent to the Metro line and there is an economic upturn, says researcher land UNAM, José María Casado.
But the macro benefits, says the developer, "not necessarily reflected at the micro level, where there may be problems with the emergence of informal trade, the movement of people, than for those who live nearby and may not be beneficial yes very annoying or even harmful. "
Metro Project Director, Enrique Horcasitas, said in an interview that the project aims, origin, tradition and protect the memory of the Indian peoples of the area, everything is intended to prevent the excessive growth of the urban and that has been taken into the last of the ancient stones.
But Mrs. Marisela prefer not to believe him. It is one of the more than 150 owners of parcels that have promoted protections against expropriation in Tláhuac because, he says, "pure disaster" awaits his homeland: "People from the government and warned that the expropriations just yet."
Milperos reject "progress"
In that plain full of pastures, small lakes and cornfields, ejido and environmental organizations are in the decision to extend the line of the line 12 to the cactus and irrigation area of \u200b\u200bSan Francisco Tlaltenco is a measure in favor of big corporate real estate, land speculators and private interests, rather than a benefit to residents of the original village.
Ecocomunidades, the Autonomous Network of Basin of Mexico and a dozen civic organizations warn that the line will bring Bicentennial sprawl of housing units area will imply urban chaos on thousands of acres that are now forests and fields in Tlahuac, Milpa Alta, Xochimilco, Chalco, Cocotitlan, Tlalmanalco Temamatla, Amecameca, Ozumba, Air and Totolapan Tenango.
addition, they say, the work left to Cocoyoc, Morelos, just 35 miles in a straight line from the terminal, with the appropriate loot for real estate speculators.
In a letter delivered to the Indian National Congress, meeting in Michoacan native Nahua community resident in Tlahuac delegation has raised a complaint about the theft, they say, were owners land, who were pressured to sell their properties at bargain prices and that, if denied, could be expropriated at prices set unilaterally by the city government.
Maybe that's why the attitude of Mrs. Marisela is understandable. She, who has never seen a million dollars together, speeding the passage as it crosses the dirt road that skirts the future-Modal Transfer Center Tláhuac, whose investment amounts to more than 35 million pesos. Point at the last chinampas of its people, will soon be disappearing from the work-and while walking the edge of the neighboring building curses softly, entrelabios: "Well yes, sir, we will bring many benefits, sometimes it does progress, as they say ... but why in our suburbs? ".
Train with underground tour
is October 1969. Owners of neighborhoods, grocery retailers, jewelers and owners of stores and shops of downtown sent a protest letter to the Regency of the Federal District. There is uncertainty about the effects it will have, in buildings and commerce in the area, the construction of new subway system.
The center is an uncontrollable tangle foreign buses, cars, trams and people coming up here from everywhere. Of the more than 90 existing transmission lines, 65 converge in the streets, like more than 4 000 electric trams and about 150 thousand vehicles.
A decree of April 29, 1967, President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz seats that seeks to build and operate a fast train, to travel underground and surface, for mass transit. That is modern, efficient and proud to citizenship, she said.
Wanted correspond to the flow of increasing volumes of passengers and covering the most densely populated areas and increased activity in the metropolis, prevent the entry of foreign and commuter buses to downtown, preserving its historical and monumental, and eliminate the tram lines are not used.
traders and owners are not convinced. If, as says the project will irrigate the most central area with light rail and subway travel most of the public will have access to a station with a short walking tour, trade in the area end up being crushed, according to the newspaper El Universal records in 1969.
Nor is there certainty about which buildings meet the same fate that Motolinia neighborhoods, hardware stores de Allende, stores Insurgentes, and Chapultepec, troughs of Isabel the Catholic, who disappeared from the construction of new transport.
But there is no turning back. In 1964, Ernesto Peralta Uruchurtu Regent decreed an end to urban sprawl in the city and thus began the exodus to the State of Mexico.
If in those years the population that inhabits the outskirts of the city is over 300 thousand inhabitants and settlements and housing developments cause Naucalpan, Tlalnepantla, Ecatepec and conurbations become the capital for 1970 urban sprawl engulfs Nezahualcoyotl La Paz, Tultitlan Coacalco, Chimalhuacán and Huixquilucan, with over 2 million inhabitants and its corresponding need for public transportation in the direction of the city for labor issues.
In less than two years between September 1969 and June 1972, the Public Transport System, Metro opened its three core segments, running from up the road Tacubaya Ignacio Zaragoza, in line 1; Tacuba to Tasqueña, in line 2, and General Hospital Tlatelolco line 3. Transported together more than 10 million passengers. Thus, the face of Mexico City changed forever.
Pantitlán,
paradigm
paradigm
always coupled with eminent domain, urban transformation and economic recovery, the Metro in Mexico City is also partner of chaos, disorder and crime ambulantaje define it: the Metro is the microcosm of the city clear carried.
Pantitlán station is the paradigm. Inaugurated on August 22, 1984, with the first stop for foreign public transport, called Modal Transfer Center (Cetram), detonated an exponential growth in the surrounding areas: Nezahualcóyotl Chimalhuacán, reaching into the most heavily used of whole line.
At the intersection of lines 1, 5, 9 and A, together Pantitlán today serves 4.5 million users daily, with the movement of 322 trains and 33 rolling rolling pneumatic railway has high crime rates , trade and uncontrollable chaos.
In his book "The Metro and its users", the UAM researcher, Bernardo Navarro Benítez, states that the construction of the Metro not only shortened the distance and moved to the transport services to the periphery , but also notes that the terminal stations became the focal point with new conurbation settlements.
this logic, the settlements in the 80's gave rise to large conurbations in Chimalhuacan, Chichester, Atenco, Texcoco and Ixtapaluca largely in the Metro had the advantage factor, to be connected with the center of the city.
's population, for example, that in the 80 was 54 000 262 inhabitants according to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) in 1990, and with the Metro service amounted to 242 317 thousand inhabitants. The same applies to Ixtapaluca, which went from 68 thousand to 137 thousand in the same period.
The flow of station users Pantitlán grows in similar proportions and today, with over 300 routes of buses, minibuses and suburban groups interconnected to Cetram, Pantitlán monthly moves more than 29 million users through the Line 1, more than 7 million and a half in line 5 and almost 21 million lines 9 and A.
Because the extent of urban sprawl, with its advantages and disadvantages, is a logical consequence, almost obligatory, for the extension of an urban mass transportation network like this: "As an area gain access, is normally be the starting point to expand the urban area of \u200b\u200ba radial pattern, as well as the price of land use rises and there is greater interest develop, "says José María Casado, researcher at the UNAM.
Holding
what can
On land adjacent to the refinery March 18, on the border of Azcapotzalco and Miguel Hidalgo, the mill nixtamal "La Esperanza" announces to customers for decommissioning . It is 1987 and the message of a poster is saved in the memory of the villagers: "We oppose the Metro, because it is running."
The property, located on the corner on May 5th Avenue and National Railways is one of the five buildings, between neighborhoods and businesses, which gives way for the construction of the refinery station of Metro Line 7.
Benefit for thousands of people in the densely populated barriobaja of Azcapotzalco, the arrival of Metro to the old Don Jesus, the tortilla is the end of your business. And of her life: witness how one morning cranes destroy what has been her tortilla for 25 years and four months dies, they say, with sadness in a hospital where Tacuba is carried by their children.
History repeats itself in 2011. Throughout the 26 miles of work, Line 12 has sections for residents, more than happy, are unhappy. It is estimated that at least 30 restaurants and small businesses in the margins of Priority 7 closed or are about to do so by the lack of customers. Other businesses caught in the works, and live the flow of people, are at risk of disappearing.
is the case of SC Office of Clinical Radiology, located for 25 years in the number 400-C of the Hermitage-Iztapalapa Avenue, Colonia Cacama Emperor. Since the beginning of the work, the place has lost more than 80% of their customers, reduced their services to virtually nothing and has fired, for inability to pay more than half of its employees.
"In box we're opening an hour later, because the flow of customers has dropped, and no one comes here and what's worse is that some of our services we can not give the amount of dust by more cleaning you have, there is always, "says Levithan, an employee.
Metro Project Director, Enrique Horcasitas Manjarrez, says the government, for the first time in the 40-year history of this transport system, "implemented a program to help small businesses and this program has been operating along the 26 km of the work. "
The positive impact of a line like the Bicentennial, said the official capital, has led to a turnover of around 20 billion pesos, spilled over 9 thousand workers in all businesses consume adjacent to the work, plus it has created 18 000 jobs indirectly.
"We recognize that there are businesses that have been affected, no doubt. To this, the answer is that the head of government, sensitive to the issue, has mandated that by planning, logistics, mitigate the damage caused and the damage caused in the best way, "said Horcasitas.
The cabinet has not seen such support. "Yes, the government gives a contribution affectations of the construction of Metro Line 12, but the truth does not cover a minimum salary of one of our workers." The challenge, says the employee of the place is alive hold up the avenue again be open, because then they will have virtually Metro station within walking distance, which is sure to generate a large flow of customers.
"Meanwhile, to handle what I can," which is the dynamic that the Metro print when planting the tracks that move him.
Where do we plant?
According to master plans of the system, with the stroke of the latest work will reach 201.4 km double track and 175 stations in April 2012, the Metro is adapted to the needs of the inhabitants of the city and now projected to large urban areas, since these are integrated, in fact, the megalopolis.
In Tláhuac, unlike previous decades, the commitment of the authority is doing things different, "the impact of the end of the day, will have the line 12 is surely contribute to a better quality of life for this population, "says Horcasitas, "responds to public demand for 437 000 people requiring transport."
Tláhuac In the area, officials warn there will be "zero tolerance" for the uncontrolled growth of urban sprawl and chaos.
Doña Marisela, while walking through terregal says he does not believe any of it, that however much you say and promise you will not ever believe them. The Metro moves, transforms. Walk to the edge of the terminal and when to leave quietly confesses and anguish your little problem: "We are peasants. This is what we have spent our entire lives. I just want to tell me 'now Where will we go to seed. "
Women
Nahua aware of their race, knows that with the arrival of its Metro cactus and even the name of his people Tlaltenco cease to be "the edge of the earth."
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